Critical severity · published Sep 17, 2026
CVE-2026-54626
SAIL: Heap out-of-bounds write in SAIL TGA decoder (indexed-RLE bpp/stride mismatch)
9.8
CVSS
0.8%
EPSS
No
On KEV
Description
SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. In 0.9.10 and earlier, the TGA_INDEXED_RLE path selected by image_type == 9 allocates an image buffer using the one-byte-per-pixel SAIL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BPP8_INDEXED format returned by tga_private_sail_pixel_format() in src/sail-codecs/tga/helpers.c, while sail_codec_load_frame_v8_tga() in src/sail-codecs/tga/tga.c derives a two-to-four-byte pixel_size from an attacker-controlled header bpp value from 9 through 32. Loading a crafted color-mapped run-length-encoded TGA through sail_load_from_file() or sail_load_from_memory() therefore writes attacker-controlled bytes beyond the heap pixel buffer. The pixel-count clamp added for CVE-2026-40494 does not constrain the per-pixel write width, so this issue is an incomplete fix of that vulnerability and can cause heap corruption, a reliable crash, or potential code execution. This issue is fixed in version 1.0.0.
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High
Scope
Unchanged
Exploitation
Is it being used?
Exploit prediction (EPSS)0.8% · higher than 56% of CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo evidence yet
CISA KEVNot listed
Ransomware campaign useNot known
Affected products
Which versions
SA
sail · HappySeaFox
< 1.0.0 · source: vendor
References
NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-54626
CVE.org
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-54626
github.com
https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/commit/fa24bceb93958ad665dbc3cf6b49a1079ab12559
github.com
https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/releases/tag/v1.0.0
github.com
https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advisories/GHSA-744p-cqg2-m33h
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