Critical severity · published Apr 18, 2026
CVE-2026-40494
SAIL has heap buffer overflow in TGA RLE decoder — raw packet path missing bounds check
9.8
CVSS
0.3%
EPSS
No
On KEV
Description
SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302, the TGA codec's RLE decoder in `tga.c` has an asymmetric bounds check vulnerability. The run-packet path (line 297) correctly clamps the repeat count to the remaining buffer space, but the raw-packet path (line 305-311) has no equivalent bounds check. This allows writing up to 496 bytes of attacker-controlled data past the end of a heap buffer. Commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302 patches the issue.
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High
Scope
Unchanged
Exploitation
Is it being used?
Exploit prediction (EPSS)0.3% · higher than 26% of CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo evidence yet
CISA KEVNot listed
Ransomware campaign useNot known
Affected products
Which versions
SA
sail · HappySeaFox
< 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302 · source: vendor
References
NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40494
CVE.org
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-40494
github.com
https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/commit/45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302
github.com
https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advisories/GHSA-cp2j-rwh4-r46f
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