High severity · published Sep 18, 2026
CVE-2026-84384
libheif: brotli/zlib decompression paths lack output-size limits, allowing decompression-bomb OOM/DoS
7.5
CVSS
0.5%
EPSS
No
On KEV
Description
libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. From 1.19.0 until 1.23.2, crafted HEIF or AVIF mime metadata and unci image data can cause decompress_brotli() and do_inflate() to grow accumulated output without an effective size limit or MemoryHandle accounting. The brotli path has no output bound, while the zlib path checks only a small temporary buffer in a branch that valid streams do not reach, and overlapping icef units can decompress the same payload repeatedly. HeifContext::interpret_heif_file_images() processes multiple compressed metadata items during file opening, allowing a small file to consume unbounded memory and terminate the process. This issue is fixed in version 1.23.2.
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High
Scope
Unchanged
Exploitation
Is it being used?
Exploit prediction (EPSS)0.5% · higher than 44% of CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo evidence yet
CISA KEVNot listed
Ransomware campaign useNot known
Affected products
Which versions
LI
libheif · strukturag
>= 1.19.0, < 1.23.2 · source: vendor
References
NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-84384
CVE.org
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-84384
github.com
https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/commit/21893e8f66c8b79363ca2809391b07d35e1a95ec
github.com
https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/releases/tag/v1.23.2
github.com
https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/security/advisories/GHSA-24wx-9w62-c96w
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