Medium severity · published Oct 26, 2026
CVE-2026-65625
Attacker-controlled AES-GCM authentication tag length allows tag forgery in jose
New
5.9
CVSS
0.1%
EPSS
No
On KEV
Description
The pure-Erlang AES-GCM fallback in jose_jwa_aes derives the number of verified authentication tag bits from the attacker-supplied tag itself. In the {aes_gcm, Bits} clause of block_decrypt/4, the incoming tag is guarded only by is_binary/1, with no check on its length. Verification in gcm_block_decrypt/6 then computes TBits = bit_size(T) and compares only those bits of the real 128-bit tag. An attacker who controls a JWE token can truncate the authentication tag to as little as 8 bits, so only 8 bits are ever checked. This reduces forgery resistance from 2^-128 to 2^-8, and a forged ciphertext is reliably accepted as authentic within 256 attempts without knowledge of the key (an authentication tag forgery and integrity bypass). Supplying a tag longer than 128 bits instead causes a badmatch that crashes the decrypting process. The fallback is reached through the public JWE decryption path whenever AES-GCM is not provided by a native crypto NIF, for example on FIPS or stripped or older OTP builds.
This issue affects jose: from 1.2.0 before 1.11.13.
Exploitation
Is it being used?
Exploit prediction (EPSS)0.1% · higher than 2% of CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo evidence yet
CISA KEVNot listed
Ransomware campaign useNot known
Affected products
Which versions
JO
jose · potatosalad
1.2.0 before 1.11.13; 8848b172575fb7d7e1e2977e8ae0a21678d2157a before 3fa1f8e3efda0da5ce6f4c9984789f979dc02740 · source: vendor
References
NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-65625
CVE.org
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-65625
cna.erlef.org
https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-65625.html
github.com
https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/3fa1f8e3efda0da5ce6f4c9984789f979dc02740
github.com
https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/8848b172575fb7d7e1e2977e8ae0a21678d2157a
github.com
https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/security/advisories/GHSA-6gxw-6f7r-cjr6
osv.dev
https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-65625
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