High severity · published Jun 23, 2026
CVE-2026-54892
Plug: quadratic-time decoding of nested query/body parameters enables denial of service
8.7
CVSS
0.9%
EPSS
No
On KEV
Description
Inefficient algorithmic complexity in Plug's nested-parameter decoder allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to cause denial of service. Plug.Conn.Query.decode/4 (and Plug.Conn.Query.decode_each/2) parse query strings and application/x-www-form-urlencoded request bodies. When a key contains many bracketed segments such as a[a][a][a]=1, the decoder walks the brackets and, for each of the N levels, performs a map operation keyed on an ever-growing binary prefix of the key, hashing the full byte range at each step. The total decode cost is therefore quadratic in the number of nesting levels.
With the default Plug.Parsers.URLENCODED body limit of 1,000,000 bytes, a single request can carry roughly 333,000 nesting levels and saturate a BEAM scheduler for minutes. A small number of concurrent requests can saturate all schedulers and render a Plug-based server unresponsive. No authentication or knowledge of application routes is required.
This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/plug/conn/query.ex and program routines Plug.Conn.Query.decode/4, Plug.Conn.Query.decode_each/2, Plug.Conn.Query.split_keys/6, Plug.Conn.Query.insert_keys/3, and Plug.Conn.Query.finalize_pointer/2.
This issue affects plug from 1.15.0 before 1.15.5, 1.16.4, 1.17.2, 1.18.3, and 1.19.3.
Exploitation
Is it being used?
Exploit prediction (EPSS)0.9% · higher than 59% of CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo evidence yet
CISA KEVNot listed
Ransomware campaign useNot known
Affected products
Which versions
PL
plug · elixir-plug
1.15.0 before 1.15.5; 1.16.0 before 1.16.4; 1.17.0 before 1.17.2; 1.18.0 before 1.18.3; 1.19.0 before 1.19.3; 712b875d3442c765d8d37e546ffd5ad9f8afcc55 · source: vendor
References
NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-54892
CVE.org
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-54892
cna.erlef.org
https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-54892.html
github.com
https://github.com/elixir-plug/plug/commit/9c5d37c440eaae92869eed7c014c47266744fadb
github.com
https://github.com/elixir-plug/plug/commit/a61124aa625d819a218fb07f90afbac8aa85eb0e
github.com
https://github.com/elixir-plug/plug/commit/c317d08fdcf96e17931f7419275b2b8c4bf3e951
github.com
https://github.com/elixir-plug/plug/commit/d4e5568392a4b29e545b91e12e87d6098f976145
github.com
https://github.com/elixir-plug/plug/commit/d737eb236f17e31a36290e39f9ef3cd86a1343bd
More from plug
6.9
CVE-2026-56814
Plug: multipart :length limit is not charged for part headers, enabling unbounded temp-file creation (denial of service)
5.1
CVE-2026-105963
Secret key base exposed in stack trace arguments on wrong-typed Plug.Crypto arguments
2.1
CVE-2026-56813
Cookie attribute injection in Plug.Conn.Cookies.encode/2
