Low severity · published Sep 29, 2026
CVE-2026-54875
Non-Constant-Time SM2 Scalar Multiplication on ARM64 and RISC-V
3.7
CVSS
0.5%
EPSS
No
On KEV
Description
Issue summary: A non-constant-time optimized implementation of scalar
point multiplication is used for SM2 private key operations on ARM64 and
RISC-V platforms.
Impact summary: An attacker able to measure the time taken by, or to observe
the cache-line access pattern of SM2 signing or decryption on an affected
platform can learn information about the secret scalar.
CWE: CWE-208: Observable Timing Discrepancy
Description: On ARM64 and RISC-V processors, the SM2 curve uses an optimized
scalar multiplication implementation whose conditional branches and table
look ups are chosen according to the bits of the secret scalar. The execution
time and the cache-access pattern therefore depend on the long-term private
key (during SM2 decryption) or the per-signature nonce (during SM2 signature
generation), forming a timing and cache side-channel.
FIPS Impact: no
SM2 is not a FIPS algorithm and the optimized SM2 implementation is not part
of the FIPS module.
OpenSSL 4.0, 3.6, 3.5 and 3.4 are vulnerable to this issue on AArch64 and
RISC-V.
OpenSSL 3.0, 1.1.1 and 1.0.2 are not affected by this issue.
OpenSSL 4.0 users should upgrade to OpenSSL 4.0.3.
OpenSSL 3.6 users should upgrade to OpenSSL 3.6.5.
OpenSSL 3.5 users should upgrade to OpenSSL 3.5.9.
OpenSSL 3.4 users should upgrade to OpenSSL 3.4.8.
This issue was reported on 2 May 2026 by Abhinav Agarwal.
It was independently reported on 6 June 2026 by Feng Xue.
The fix was developed by Igor Ustinov.
-- cut (non-publishing metadata for internal use) --
Reported by: Abhinav Agarwal, Feng Xue
Fixed by: Igor Ustinov
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
High
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
None
Availability
None
Scope
Unchanged
Exploitation
Is it being used?
Exploit prediction (EPSS)0.5% · higher than 41% of CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo evidence yet
CISA KEVNot listed
Ransomware campaign useNot known
Affected products
Which versions
OP
OpenSSL · OpenSSL
4.0.0 before 4.0.3; 3.6.0 before 3.6.5; 3.5.0 before 3.5.9; 3.4.0 before 3.4.8 · source: vendor, NVD
References
NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-54875
CVE.org
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-54875
vendor-advisory
https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260929.txt
patch
https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/9794ed473764839275cb701b4850f3c24d929c28
patch
https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/dddad955d5ff3e9507619cf4e0f13e9988e2197c
patch
https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/469f3e42629f4a0b5631796e20c66c92c138a3e8
patch
https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/3f01bbc28f7e08211fcdc797fd43816504f94257
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