High severity · published Oct 15, 2026
CVE-2026-111225
Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 OS Command Injection via openvpn.learn-address.sh
8.8
CVSS
6.2%
EPSS
No
On KEV
Description
Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in openvpn.learn-address.sh that allows authenticated VPN clients to execute commands as the unbound user. Attackers can embed shell metacharacters in the certificate common name or username, which is interpolated unquoted into su -c strings, when DNS Resolver client registration is enabled.
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
Low
User interaction
None
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High
Scope
Unchanged
Exploitation
Is it being used?
Exploit prediction (EPSS)6.2% · higher than 93% of CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo evidence yet
CISA KEVNot listed
Ransomware campaign useNot known
Affected products
Which versions
PC
pfSense CE · Netgate
2.5.0 through 2.9.0 · source: vendor
PF
Pfsense · Pfsense
2.5.0 through 2.9.0 · source: NVD
References
NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-111225
CVE.org
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-111225
Issue Tracking
https://abraxaslabs.tech/research/pfsense-ce-leftovers
Third Party Advisory
https://github.com/abraxas/pfsense-ovpn-learn-cn
Product
https://github.com/pfsense/pfsense/blob/9363ac5b8651a1c7a333180425ce7719070f95f9/src/usr/local/sbin/openvpn.learn-address.sh#L57-L62
Third Party Advisory
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/netgate-pfsense-ce-2.5.0-through-2.9.0-os-command-injection-via-openvpn-learn-address-sh
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