Medium severity · published Jun 15, 2026
CVE-2026-10634
Use-after-free in Zephyr native TCP `net_tcp_foreach()` due to dropping `tcp_lock` during the callback
5.3
CVSS
0.3%
EPSS
No
On KEV
Description
Zephyr's native TCP stack iterates the global connection list in net_tcp_foreach() (subsys/net/ip/tcp.c) using the SYS_SLIST_FOR_EACH_CONTAINER_SAFE macro, which caches a pointer to the next list node. Prior to this fix the function released tcp_lock while invoking the per-connection callback and re-acquired it afterwards.
During that window a concurrent tcp_conn_release(), running on the dedicated TCP work-queue thread when a connection's reference count drops to zero (e.g. a remote peer closing or resetting the connection), can remove and k_mem_slab_free() the cached next connection. When the iterator advances it dereferences the freed (and possibly reallocated) slab memory — a use-after-free that can crash the system (denial of service) and, if the slot has been reused, cause the callback to operate on an attacker-influenced object (potential information disclosure or further fault).
net_tcp_foreach() is reached in production via the net conn network shell command and via net_tcp_close_all_for_iface() on interface-down; the freeing side is driven by ordinary TCP traffic.
The fix moves the connection/context teardown in tcp_conn_release() inside the tcp_lock critical section and keeps tcp_lock held across the callback in net_tcp_foreach(). The defect was introduced with the modern (TCP2) stack in 2020 and affects releases up to and including v4.4.0.
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Attack vector
Adjacent
Complexity
High
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High
Scope
Unchanged
Exploitation
Is it being used?
Exploit prediction (EPSS)0.3% · higher than 20% of CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo evidence yet
CISA KEVNot listed
Ransomware campaign useNot known
Affected products
Which versions
ZE
zephyr · zephyrproject
3.6.0 before 4.3.1; 4.4.0 before 4.4.1 · source: vendor, NVD
References
NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-10634
CVE.org
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-10634
Patch
https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/cd85e0e890ab89815c4cbc0a8fbc03a3efa84dc2
Exploit
https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-6c57-xfhw-j26x
More from zephyr
10.0
CVE-2023-4260
Potential off-by-one buffer overflow vulnerability in the Zephyr fuse file system
9.8
CVE-2026-13214
Stack buffer overflow in OCPP GetConfiguration key parsing
9.8
CVE-2026-10666
Stack buffer overflow in `net_ipaddr_parse()` IPv4 address-with-port parsing in `subsys/net/ip/utils.c`
9.8
CVE-2026-5067
Out-of-bounds read/write in HTTP WebSocket upgrade via non-null-terminated Sec-WebSocket-Key
9.8
CVE-2026-1678
dns: memory‑safety issue in the DNS name parser
