High severity · published Nov 11, 2025
CVE-2025-9408
Userspace privilege escalation vulnerability on Cortex M
8.1
CVSS
0.1%
EPSS
No
On KEV
Description
System call entry on Cortex M (and possibly R and A, but I think not) has a race which allows very practical privilege escalation for malicious userspace processes.
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Attack vector
Local
Complexity
High
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High
Scope
Changed
Exploitation
Is it being used?
Exploit prediction (EPSS)0.1% · higher than 2% of CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo evidence yet
CISA KEVNot listed
Ransomware campaign useNot known
Affected products
Which versions
ZE
Zephyr · zephyrproject-rtos
before 3.7.2; 4.0.0 before 4.2.2 · source: vendor
References
NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9408
CVE.org
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9408
github.com
https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-3r6j-5mp3-75wr
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