Critical severity · published Nov 18, 2025
CVE-2025-9312
A missing authentication enforcement vulnerability exists in the mutual TLS (mTLS) implementation used by System REST APIs and SOAP services in multiple WSO2 products
9.8
CVSS
0.2%
EPSS
No
On KEV
Description
A missing authentication enforcement vulnerability exists in the mutual TLS (mTLS) implementation used by System REST APIs and SOAP services in multiple WSO2 products. Due to improper validation of client certificate–based authentication in certain default configurations, the affected components may permit unauthenticated requests even when mTLS is enabled. This condition occurs when relying on the default mTLS settings for System REST APIs or when the mTLS authenticator is enabled for SOAP services, causing these interfaces to accept requests without enforcing additional authentication.
Successful exploitation allows a malicious actor with network access to the affected endpoints to gain administrative privileges and perform unauthorized operations. The vulnerability is exploitable only when the impacted mTLS flows are enabled and accessible in a given deployment. Other certificate-based authentication mechanisms such as Mutual TLS OAuth client authentication and X.509 login flows are not affected, and APIs served through the API Gateway of WSO2 API Manager remain unaffected.
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High
Scope
Unchanged
Exploitation
Is it being used?
Exploit prediction (EPSS)0.2% · higher than 16% of CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo evidence yet
CISA KEVNot listed
Ransomware campaign useNot known
Affected products
Which versions
AC
Api Control Plane · Wso2
4.5.0 · source: NVD
AM
Api Manager · Wso2
2.2.0; 2.5.0; 2.6.0; 3.0.0; 3.1.0; 3.2.0; +7 more · source: NVD
IS
Identity Server · Wso2
5.2.0; 5.3.0; 5.4.0; 5.4.1; 5.5.0; 5.6.0; +10 more · source: NVD
IS
Identity Server AS Key Manager · Wso2
5.3.0; 5.5.0; 5.6.0; 5.7.0; 5.9.0; 5.10.0 · source: NVD
OB
Open Banking AM · Wso2
1.4.0; 1.5.0; 2.0.0 · source: NVD
OB
Open Banking Iam · Wso2
2.0.0 · source: NVD
OB
Open Banking KM · Wso2
1.4.0; 1.5.0 · source: NVD
TM
Traffic Manager · Wso2
4.5.0 · source: NVD
UG
Universal Gateway · Wso2
4.5.0 · source: NVD
References
NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9312
CVE.org
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9312
Vendor Advisory
https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2025/WSO2-2025-4494/
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