CVE-2025-9231: Timing side-channel in SM2 algorithm on 64 bit ARM

Medium severity · published Sep 30, 2025

CVE-2025-9231

Timing side-channel in SM2 algorithm on 64 bit ARM

6.5

CVSS

2.2%

EPSS

On KEV

Description

Issue summary: A timing side-channel which could potentially allow remote recovery of the private key exists in the SM2 algorithm implementation on 64 bit ARM platforms. Impact summary: A timing side-channel in SM2 signature computations on 64 bit ARM platforms could allow recovering the private key by an attacker.. While remote key recovery over a network was not attempted by the reporter, timing measurements revealed a timing signal which may allow such an attack. OpenSSL does not directly support certificates with SM2 keys in TLS, and so this CVE is not relevant in most TLS contexts. However, given that it is possible to add support for such certificates via a custom provider, coupled with the fact that in such a custom provider context the private key may be recoverable via remote timing measurements, we consider this to be a Moderate severity issue. The FIPS modules in 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1 and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as SM2 is not an approved algorithm.

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L

Attack vector

Network

Complexity

Low

Privileges

None

User interaction

None

Confidentiality

Low

Integrity

None

Availability

Low

Scope

Unchanged

Exploitation

Is it being used?

Exploit prediction (EPSS)2.2% · higher than 83% of CVEs

Exploited in the wildNo evidence yet

CISA KEVNot listed

Ransomware campaign useNot known

Affected products

Which versions

OpenSSL · OpenSSL

3.5.0 before 3.5.4; 3.4.0 before 3.4.3; 3.3.0 before 3.3.5; 3.2.0 before 3.2.6 · source: vendor

RUGGEDCOM RST2428P · Siemens

before V3.3; before V4.0 · source: CISA

SCALANCE XC-300/XR-300/XC-400/XR-500WG/XR-500 family · Siemens

before V3.3 · source: CISA

SCALANCE XCH328 · Siemens

before V3.3 · source: CISA

SCALANCE XCM324 · Siemens

before V3.3 · source: CISA

SCALANCE XCM328 · Siemens

before V3.3 · source: CISA

SCALANCE XCM332 · Siemens

before V3.3 · source: CISA

SCALANCE XRH334 (24 V DC, 8xFO, CC) · Siemens

before V3.3 · source: CISA

SCALANCE XRM334 (230 V AC, 12xFO) · Siemens

before V3.3 · source: CISA

SCALANCE XRM334 (230 V AC, 8xFO) · Siemens

before V3.3 · source: CISA

SCALANCE XRM334 (230V AC, 2x10G, 24xSFP, 8xSFP+) · Siemens

before V3.3 · source: CISA

SCALANCE XRM334 (24 V DC, 12xFO) · Siemens

before V3.3 · source: CISA

In the news

VulnerabilityHigh

Siemens SINEC OS

View CSAF Summary SINEC OS before V3.3 contains third-party components with multiple vulnerabilities. Siemens has released new versions for the affected products and recommends to update to the latest versions. The following versions of Siemens SINEC OS are affected: RUGGEDCOM RST2428P (6GK6242-6PA00) vers:intdot/<3.3 (CVE-2022-48174, CVE-2023-7256, CVE-2023-39810, CVE-2023-42363, CVE-2023-42364, CVE-2023-42365, CVE-2023-42366, CVE-2024-6197, CVE-2024-6874, CVE-2024-7264, CVE-2024-8006, CVE-2024-8096, CVE-2024-9681, CVE-2024-11053, CVE-2024-12718, CVE-2024-41996, CVE-2024-47619, CVE-2024-52533, CVE-2025-0167, CVE-2025-0665, CVE-2025-0725, CVE-2025-1390, CVE-2025-3360, CVE-2025-4138, CVE-2025-4330, CVE-2025-4373, CVE-2025-4435, CVE-2025-4516, CVE-2025-4517, CVE-2025-6141, CVE-2025-9086, CVE-2025-9230, CVE-2025-9231, CVE-2025-9232, CVE-2025-10148, CVE-2025-27587, CVE-2025-32433, CVE-2025-38084, CVE-2025-38085, CVE-2025-38086, CVE-2025-38345, CVE-2025-38350, CVE-2025-38498, CVE-2025-39839, CVE-2025-39841, CVE-2025-39846, CVE-2025-39853, CVE-2025-39860, CVE-2025-39864, CVE-2025-39865, CVE-2025-59375) SCALANCE XCH328 (6GK5328-4TS01-2EC2) vers:intdot/<3.3 (CVE-2022-48174, CVE-2023-7256, CVE-2023-39810, CVE-2023-42363, CVE-2023-42364, CVE-2023-42365, CVE-2023-42366, CVE-2024-6197, CVE-2024-6874, CVE-2024-7264, CVE-2024-8006, CVE-2024-8096, CVE-2024-9681, CVE-2024-11053, CVE-2024-12718, CVE-2024-41996, CVE-2024-47619, CVE-2024-52533, CVE-2025-0167, CVE-2025-0665...

CVE-2022-48174 CVE-2023-7256 CVE-2023-39810

Feb 12, 2026·CISA Advisories

Affected product

OpenSSL

All OpenSSL CVEs

References

NVD

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9231

CVE.org

https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9231

github.com

https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/567f64386e43683888212226824b6a179885a0fe