High severity · published Feb 23, 2026
CVE-2025-69232
free5GC hasProtocol Compliance Violation in UPF Leading to SMF Service Disruption
7.5
CVSS
0.4%
EPSS
No
On KEV
Description
free5GC is an open-source project for 5th generation (5G) mobile core networks. free5GC go-upf versions up to and including 1.2.6, corresponding to free5gc smf up to and including 1.4.0, have an Improper Input Validation and Protocol Compliance vulnerability leading to Denial of Service. Remote attackers can disrupt core network functionality by sending a malformed PFCP Association Setup Request. The UPF incorrectly accepts it, entering an inconsistent state that causes subsequent legitimate requests to trigger SMF reconnection loops and service degradation. All deployments of free5GC using the UPF and SMF components may be affected. As of time of publication, a fix is in development but not yet available. No direct workaround is available at the application level. Applying the official patch, once released, is recommended.
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High
Scope
Unchanged
Exploitation
Is it being used?
Exploit prediction (EPSS)0.4% · higher than 35% of CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo evidence yet
CISA KEVNot listed
Ransomware campaign useNot known
Affected products
Which versions
GO
go-upf · free5gc
<= 1.2.6 · source: vendor, NVD
SM
smf · free5gc
<= 1.4.0 · source: vendor, NVD
References
NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69232
CVE.org
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-69232
Exploit
https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/745
Vendor Advisory
https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-8m42-qw58-8362
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