Critical severity · published Oct 29, 2025
CVE-2025-64102
Zitadel allows brute-forcing authentication factors
9.8
CVSS
0.4%
EPSS
No
On KEV
Description
Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. Prior to 4.6.0, 3.4.3, and 2.71.18, an attacker can perform an online brute-force attack on OTP, TOTP, and passwords. While Zitadel allows preventing online brute force attacks in scenarios like TOTP, Email OTP, or passwords using a lockout mechanism. The mechanism is not enabled by default and can cause a denial of service for the corresponding user if enabled. Additionally, the mitigation strategies were not fully implemented in the more recent resource-based APIs. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.6.0, 3.4.3, and 2.71.18.
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High
Scope
Unchanged
Exploitation
Is it being used?
Exploit prediction (EPSS)0.4% · higher than 31% of CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo evidence yet
CISA KEVNot listed
Ransomware campaign useNot known
Affected products
Which versions
ZI
zitadel · zitadel
>= 4.0.0-rc.1, < 4.6.0; >= 3.0.0-rc.1, < 3.4.3; >= 2.0.0, < 2.71.18 · source: vendor, NVD
References
NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64102
CVE.org
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-64102
Patch
https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/commit/b8db8cdf9cc8ea13f461758aef12457f8b7d972a
Vendor Advisory
https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advisories/GHSA-xrw9-r35x-x878
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