High severity · published Oct 7, 2025
CVE-2025-61771
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface
7.5
CVSS
0.6%
EPSS
No
On KEV
Description
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. In versions prior to 2.2.19, 3.1.17, and 3.2.2, ``Rack::Multipart::Parser` stores non-file form fields (parts without a `filename`) entirely in memory as Ruby `String` objects. A single large text field in a multipart/form-data request (hundreds of megabytes or more) can consume equivalent process memory, potentially leading to out-of-memory (OOM) conditions and denial of service (DoS). Attackers can send large non-file fields to trigger excessive memory usage. Impact scales with request size and concurrency, potentially leading to worker crashes or severe garbage-collection overhead. All Rack applications processing multipart form submissions are affected. Versions 2.2.19, 3.1.17, and 3.2.2 enforce a reasonable size cap for non-file fields (e.g., 2 MiB). Workarounds include restricting maximum request body size at the web-server or proxy layer (e.g., Nginx `client_max_body_size`) and validating and rejecting unusually large form fields at the application level.
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High
Scope
Unchanged
Exploitation
Is it being used?
Exploit prediction (EPSS)0.6% · higher than 46% of CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo evidence yet
CISA KEVNot listed
Ransomware campaign useNot known
Affected products
Which versions
RA
Rack · Rack
before 2.2.19; 3.1.0 before 3.1.17; 3.2.0 before 3.2.2 · source: NVD
References
NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61771
CVE.org
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-61771
Patch
https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/589127f4ac8b5cf11cf88fb0cd116ffed4d2181e
Patch
https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/d869fed663b113b95a74ad53e1b5cae6ab31f29e
Patch
https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/e08f78c656c9394d6737c022bde087e0f33336fd
Vendor Advisory
https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-w9pc-fmgc-vxvw
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