Critical severity · published May 1, 2025
CVE-2025-4144
PKCE bypass via downgrade attack
9.8
CVSS
0.6%
EPSS
No
On KEV
Description
PKCE was implemented in the OAuth implementation in workers-oauth-provider that is part of MCP framework https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-mcp . However, it was found that an attacker could cause the check to be skipped.
Fixed in:
https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-oauth-provider/pull/27 https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-oauth-provider/pull/27
Impact:
PKCE is a defense-in-depth mechanism against certain kinds of attacks and was an optional extension in OAuth 2.0 which became required in the OAuth 2.1 draft. (Note that the MCP specification requires OAuth 2.1.). This bug completely bypasses PKCE protection.
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High
Scope
Unchanged
Exploitation
Is it being used?
Exploit prediction (EPSS)0.6% · higher than 47% of CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo evidence yet
CISA KEVNot listed
Ransomware campaign useNot known
Affected products
Which versions
WO
Workers-oauth-provider · Cloudflare
0.0.5 · source: NVD
References
NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4144
CVE.org
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4144
Issue Tracking
https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-oauth-provider/pull/27
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