High severity · published Dec 4, 2025
CVE-2025-40214
af_unix: Initialise scc_index in unix_add_edge().
7.8
CVSS
0.2%
EPSS
No
On KEV
Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
af_unix: Initialise scc_index in unix_add_edge().
Quang Le reported that the AF_UNIX GC could garbage-collect a
receive queue of an alive in-flight socket, with a nice repro.
The repro consists of three stages.
1)
1-a. Create a single cyclic reference with many sockets
1-b. close() all sockets
1-c. Trigger GC
2)
2-a. Pass sk-A to an embryo sk-B
2-b. Pass sk-X to sk-X
2-c. Trigger GC
3)
3-a. accept() the embryo sk-B
3-b. Pass sk-B to sk-C
3-c. close() the in-flight sk-A
3-d. Trigger GC
As of 2-c, sk-A and sk-X are linked to unix_unvisited_vertices,
and unix_walk_scc() groups them into two different SCCs:
unix_sk(sk-A)->vertex->scc_index = 2 (UNIX_VERTEX_INDEX_START)
unix_sk(sk-X)->vertex->scc_index = 3
Once GC completes, unix_graph_grouped is set to true.
Also, unix_graph_maybe_cyclic is set to true due to sk-X's
cyclic self-reference, which makes close() trigger GC.
At 3-b, unix_add_edge() allocates unix_sk(sk-B)->vertex and
links it to unix_unvisited_vertices.
unix_update_graph() is called at 3-a. and 3-b., but neither
unix_graph_grouped nor unix_graph_maybe_cyclic is changed
because both sk-B's listener and sk-C are not in-flight.
3-c decrements sk-A's file refcnt to 1.
Since unix_graph_grouped is true at 3-d, unix_walk_scc_fast()
is finally called and iterates 3 sockets sk-A, sk-B, and sk-X:
sk-A -> sk-B (-> sk-C)
sk-X -> sk-X
This is totally fine. All of them are not yet close()d and
should be grouped into different SCCs.
However, unix_vertex_dead() misjudges that sk-A and sk-B are
in the same SCC and sk-A is dead.
unix_sk(sk-A)->scc_index == unix_sk(sk-B)->scc_index <-- Wrong!
&&
sk-A's file refcnt == unix_sk(sk-A)->vertex->out_degree
^-- 1 in-flight count for sk-B
-> sk-A is dead !?
The problem is that unix_add_edge() does not initialise scc_index.
Stage 1) is used for heap spraying, making a newly allocated
vertex have vertex->scc_index == 2 (UNIX_VERTEX_INDEX_START)
set by unix_walk_scc() at 1-c.
Let's track the max SCC index from the previous unix_walk_scc()
call and assign the max + 1 to a new vertex's scc_index.
This way, we can continue to avoid Tarjan's algorithm while
preventing misjudgments.
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Attack vector
Local
Complexity
Low
Privileges
Low
User interaction
None
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High
Scope
Unchanged
Exploitation
Is it being used?
Exploit prediction (EPSS)0.2% · higher than 7% of CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo evidence yet
CISA KEVNot listed
Ransomware campaign useNot known
Affected products
Which versions
LI
Linux · Linux
adfb68b39b39767d6bfb53e48c4f19c183765686 before 20003fbb9174121b27bd1da6ebe61542ac4c327d; d23802221f6755e104606864067c71af8cdb6788 before 4cd8d755c7d4f515dd9abf483316aca2f1b7b0f3; ad081928a8b0f57f269df999a28087fce6f2b6ce before db81ad20fd8aef7cc7d536c52ee5ea4c1f979128; ad081928a8b0f57f269df999a28087fce6f2b6ce before 1aa7e40ee850c9053e769957ce6541173891204d; ad081928a8b0f57f269df999a28087fce6f2b6ce before 60e6489f8e3b086bd1130ad4450a2c112e863791; 6.1.141 before 6.1.159; +2 more · source: vendor
RR
RUGGEDCOM RST2428P · Siemens
before V4.0 · source: CISA
References
NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40214
CVE.org
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40214
git.kernel.org
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1aa7e40ee850c9053e769957ce6541173891204d
git.kernel.org
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/20003fbb9174121b27bd1da6ebe61542ac4c327d
git.kernel.org
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4cd8d755c7d4f515dd9abf483316aca2f1b7b0f3
git.kernel.org
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/60e6489f8e3b086bd1130ad4450a2c112e863791
git.kernel.org
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/db81ad20fd8aef7cc7d536c52ee5ea4c1f979128
mohandacherir.github.io
https://mohandacherir.github.io/Qdiv7/posts/unix_new_gc/
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